Roughly speaking, there are three big areas of research in HPC: hardware, software and applications. All well-versed HPC researcher and practitioner must know a fair amount in each one, but usually focus on a single one. I personally believe that Latin America HPC research should focus on applications, because this area has potential to impact the most people.
Two areas, in which I have been working in the recent years, are good examples of applications that are important and LA has already lots of knowhow: Weather/Climate and Natural Resources. In addition, those areas would improve in quality and scale with help of new methods and techniques from HPC.
In weather and climate modeling, usually the meteorologist simplify the physics of the processes involved so that they can run in a feasible amount of time their simulations. However, these simplifications result in loss of accuracy and precision. Human resources are needed to redesign the applications for large scale machines so that more realist models can run. Those models can be used to improve peoples lives, for example to plan for electricity production.
In natural resources, there is much research for example in oil and gas. In LA, there are many companies that perform large simulations to better extract oil and gas without damaging the environment. For example, in Bucaramanga - Colombia, Ecopetrol has a research center: http://www.ecopetrol.com.co/especiales/Portafolio%20ICP/portafolio/centro/index.htm . It has 20 labs with over 100 researcher. They improve safety by using simulations and, definitely would benefit from HPC to run larger and more realistic simulations.
Another possible application in natural resources is fracking. Simulating fractures is difficult and using realist models to preform those simulations is expensive. New methods to accelerate these techniques are important for the industry to allow safer operations. I particularly have been interested in XFEM method, since it does not require explicit representation of fractures, that would be difficult to maintain for complex geometries.
Finally, I believe that much can be done in basic software and hardware in LA, but applications should probably be central in HPC research here. Primarily, because it directly produces results used by society. Some sites in LA where software and data about Weather/Models can be obtained are:
Some additional references one may find interesting are on this topic:
ReplyDeleteShukla, J., et al. "Toward a new generation of world climate research and computing facilities." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 91 (2010): 1407-1412.
Silva, Edson Luiz da, and Erlon Cristian Finardi. "Parallel processing applied to the planning of hydrothermal systems." Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on 14.8 (2003): 721-729.
http://www.xfem.rwth-aachen.de/index.php